Syndrome de fatigue chronique
Le Syndrome de fatigue chronique (abréviation : SFC) était appelé autrefois
fatigue nerveuse ou neurasthénie est constitué par un état de fatigue répété qui même après le
repos, ne disparaît pas.
Ce syndrome a été identifié dans les pays anglo-saxon au milieu des années 1980. L'OMS le considère comme une maladie neurologique grave etil
figure sur la liste des maladies infectieuses nouvelles, récurrentes et résistantes aux médicaments étasunienne.
Le syndrome de la fatigue chronique est diagnostiqué par défaut de tout autre désordre qui pourrait expliquer l'état de
fatigue. Ainsi, en l'absence de dépression, de cancer, de maladie endocrine, inflammatoire ou psychiatrique, on diagnostique le
SFC.
Qu'est-ce-qui provoque le SFC ?
On ignore les causes exactes du syndrome de fatigue chronique. Un grand nombre d'origines sont néanmoins envisagées dont
certaines ont de farouches partisans. On compte parmi elles :
- Agent infectieux : This includes several viruses, Lyme and related bacteria, mycoplasma, and yeast and other fungi.
- toxic agents: Mercury, particularly from dental amalgams, various organic solvents, herbicides, and several other chemical
compounds are often named. The artificial sweeteners aspartame is also often blamed.
- immune dysfunction: Both autoimmune disorders (representing a hyperactive immune system) and immunodeficiency (representing
an underactive one) have been suggested.
- hormonal dysfunction: Thyroid disorders can cause CFS-like symptoms, as can several other known endocrine disorders. It's
possible that disruption of the hormonal « master control » in the hypothalamus somehow causes CFS by upsetting the
body's hormone balance.
- dysautonomia: Dysautonomia is the disruption of the function of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The ANS is tightly tied
to the body's endocrine system and also directly controls some aspects of blood pressure control and metabolism.
- Chiari malformation and other spinal problems: Arnold-Chiari malformation is constriction where the cerebellum meets the
spinal cord. This area can become constricted due to a portion of the cerebellum sagging too low or problems with the bone
structure of the lower skull or upper spinal column. The constriction can impede the flow of cerebrospinal fluid between brain
and spinal column, and can also compress some nerves in the area. This may cause paralysis or hydrocephalus in extreme cases, but
this or other spinal problems may cause autonomic nervous system problems in less severe cases.
- metabolic disorders: Metabolic disorders such as McArdle's disease, CPT II deficiency, myoadenylate deaminase deficiency, and
mitochondrial disorder can cause symptoms that strongly resemble CFS.
- nutritional deficiency/imbalance: Certain dietary practices, particularly the consumption of large amounts of carbohydrates,
are sometimes blamed for CFS. Celiac disease or gluten intolerance is known to cause CFS-like symptoms in some individuals, as is
vitamin B12 deficiency. Other forms of food allergies are also often blamed.
- malnutrition: In some cases, simple malnutrition may be responsible for CFS (or CFS-like symptoms, if you prefer).
Particularly highly restrictive vegetarian diets could cause problems, even though they appear sufficient from the standpoint of
calories and essential vitamins and amino acids. Most people cannot manufacture the entire amounts of ribose, carnitine, CoQ10,
fatty acids, and several other « semi-essential » nutrients that are critical for cellular metabolism and for nervous
system health. À diet deficient in these can lead to a form of malnutrition that results in the classical CFS symptoms.
- depression: Though likely many cases of CFS are erroneously blamed on depression, there is no doubt that severe depression
can cause most of the symptoms of CFS, and thus it should not be discounted as a possible cause in some cases.
- Food Additives: Some argue that wheat and dairy derived opioid peptides used as flavor enhancers in most junk food is the
cause of this disorder. Chemically modified opioid peptides are an effective tool in increasing sales due to their addictive
nature, but like all opioid drugs cause fatigue, respiratory suppression, and constipation. The incidents of CFS have increased
at a similar rate when compared to asthma cases, as well as laxative use per capita. As of yet, no study has been performed which
attempts to treat CFS patients with opioid antagonist drugs like naltrexone.
In all likelihood it will turn out that CFS is not a single disease but several, and that for many of these several factors
are involved in the development of the disease.
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